Grid Forming Inverter Modeling, Control, and Applications

This paper surveys current literature on modeling methods, control techniques, protection schemes, applications, and real-world implementations pertaining to grid forming inverters (GFMIs). Electric power systems are increasingly being augmented with inverter-based resources (IBRs). While having a growing share of IBRs, conventional synchronous generator-based voltage frequency mechanisms still prevalent in the industry. Therefore, IBRs experiencing demand for mimicking behavior generators, which is not possible following (GFLIs). As solution, concept GFMIs currently emerging, drawing increased attention from academia presents comprehensive review covering recent advancements technologies, fault ride-through capabilities, stability enhancement measures, practical implementations. Moreover, challenges adding into existing systems, including seamless transition grid-connected mode standalone vice versa, also discussed detail. Recently commissioned projects Australia, UK, US taken as examples highlight trend industry address issues related weak scenarios. Research directions terms control, system strength improvement, regulatory framework discussed. serves resource researchers engineers exploring solutions emerging problems high penetration focusing GFMIs.